Among the many repercussions of the shocking revelation that Germanwings
flight 9525 was deliberately crashed by co-pilot Andreas Lubitz while
alone at the controls, the most immediate has been a move to require
that there be two crew members in a cockpit at all times.
US regulations have long required this two-crew protocol. After the 24
March tragedy that claimed 150 lives in the French Alps, European
low-cost carrier Norwegian
moved quickly to change its procedures. "This means that if one of the
pilots leaves the cockpit, one crew member must replace him/her during
this time," Norwegian says. "Our passengers’ and crew’s safety always
comes first, which is why we have decided to change our procedures, in
line with US regulations."
Canadian transport authorities quickly
followed the Lubitz revelations with an interim rule to ensure that two
crew members are at the flight deck at all times, “to ensure the
security of Canadian passengers". Early reports indicate that Air Canada and WestJet have implemented the new rule.
EASA
followed suit on 27 March, with a temporary recommendation that
airlines ensure at least two crew - including at least one qualified
pilot - occupy the flight crew compartment at all times. Airlines, says
EASA, "should re-assess the safety and security risks associated with a
flight crew leaving the cockpit due to operational or physiological
needs".
In Europe, national aviation safety authorities have no
power to make a binding rule, which would have to come from EASA. As the
UK’s CAA observes, though, individual airlines are free to modify their
own operating procedures. Norwegian's adoption of a two-crew rule was
followed by Germanwings parent, Lufthansa group.
The US requirement to have two crew members up front at all times was
just one response to 9/11. After the attacks on New York and the
Pentagon, regulations requiring that cockpit doors be sealed – and
reinforced against breakage by weapons or battering devices like
trolleys or fire extinguishers – were devised to prevent terrorists from
taking control.
Those protocols, well-illustrated by this 2002 Airbus
video, provide for an override to permit a crew member outside the
cockpit to gain access should both pilots be incapacitated. However, the
post-9/11 protocols also – understandably – permit the occupants of the
cockpit to actively block that override. Alone in the cockpit of
Germanwings 9525, Lubitz apparently employed that safeguard to keep the
pilot out and ensure the success of his murderous scheme.